References

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string name = "Eric L";
    string& refName = name;
    cout << refName << endl;

    refName = "Changed!";
    cout << refName << endl;
    cout << name << endl;
    return 0;
}

Test of string

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    string a = "Hello";
    string b = "World!";
    string c = a + b;
    cout << c << endl;

    cout << "c.size() = " << c.size() << endl;

    for(unsigned i = 0; i < c.size(); i++){
        cout << "c[" << i << "] : " << (char)c[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

Pointer and Array

#include <iostream>



using namespace std;



int main()

{

  char array[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'};

  char* PointerToArray = array;

  char* PointerToChar = &array[0];



  cout << "array = " << array << endl;

  cout << "PointerToArray = " << PointerToArray << endl;

  cout << "PointerToChar = " << PointerToChar << endl;



  cout << endl;

  cout << "array[2] = " << array[2] << endl;

  cout << "PointerToArray[2] = " << PointerToArray[2] << endl;



  cout << endl;

  cout << "array + 2 = " << array + 2 << endl;

  cout << "PointerToArray + 2 = " << PointerToArray + 2 << endl;

  cout << "PointerToChar + 2 = " << PointerToChar + 2 << endl;





  return 0;

}

VISUAL C++ 2010 EXPRESS: Free tools to create applications on Windows using Visual C++

Visual C++ 2010 Express is part of the Visual Studio 2010 Express family, a free set of tools that Windows developers at any level can use to create custom applications using basic and expert settings. Visual C++ is a powerful language that is designed to give you deep and detailed control when you build either native Windows (COM+) applications or .NET Framework managed Windows applications.





link:

- Visual C++ 2010 Express

Size of data

#include <iostream>



using namespace std;



int main()

{

  cout << "sizeOf(bool) = " << sizeof(bool) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(short) = " << sizeof(short) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(int) = " << sizeof(int) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(long) = " << sizeof(long) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(float) = " << sizeof(float) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(double) = " << sizeof(double) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(char) = " << sizeof(char) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(void) = " << sizeof(void) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(NULL) = " << sizeof(NULL) <<endl;

  cout << "sizeOf(void *) = " << sizeof(void *) <<  " - (pointer)" << endl;



  return 0;

}

Please notice that the size of data type are machine/system dependance!

Get integer value of char

The function int(c) returns the integer value associated with a character variable c.

#include <iostream>



using namespace std;



int main()

{

  for (char i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++){

      cout << i << " : " << int(i) << endl;

  }



      for (char i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++){

      cout << i << " : " << int(i) << endl;

  }

  return 0;

}

Bubble Sort

#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib>



using namespace std;

void bubblesort();

void swap(int *p1, int *p2);



int data[10];



int main () {



  //Prepare data

  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

      data[i] = rand() % 100;

  }

  cout << "data before bubble sort:" << endl;

  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

      cout << data[i] << " ";



  bubblesort();



  cout << "data after bubble sort:" << endl;

  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

      cout << data[i] << " ";



  return 0;

}



void bubblesort() {

  int i, j, min;

  int size = sizeof(data)/sizeof(int);



  cout << endl << "size = " << size << endl;



  for(i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {



      min = i;

      for (j = i + 1; j < size; j++){

          if (data[j] < data[min])

              min = j;

      }



      if (i != min){

          int tmp = data[i];

          data[i] = data[min];

          data[min] = tmp;

      }



  }

}